When running nix doctor on a healthy system, it just prints the store URI and
nothing else. This makes it unclear whether the system is in a good state and
what check(s) it actually ran, since some of the checks are optional depending
on the store type.

This commit updates nix doctor to print an colored log message for every check
that it does, and explicitly state whether that check was a PASS or FAIL to make
it clear to the user whether the system passed its checkup with the doctor.

Fixes #3084

This allows to have a repl-centric workflow to working on nixpkgs.

Usage:

    :edit <package> - heuristic that find the package file path

    :edit <path> - just open the editor on the file path

Once invoked, `nix repl` will open $EDITOR on that file path. Once the
editor exits, `nix repl` will automatically reload itself.

extract the derivation to filename:lineno heuristic

Fixes the following warning and the indicate potential issue:

src/libstore/worker-protocol.hh:66:1: warning: class 'Source' was previously declared as a struct; this is valid, but may result in linker errors
under the Microsoft C++ ABI [-Wmismatched-tags]

(cherry picked from commit 6e1bb04870b1b723282d32182af286646f13bf3c)

Add missing docstring on InstallableCommand. Also, some of these were wrapped
when they're right next to a line longer than the unwrapped line, so we can just
unwrap them to save vertical space.

minor: fix mismatch of struct/class forward decl of 'Source'

Minor updates to inline comments

Also disable email to not notify the whole NixOS community about build failures

travis: enable linux builds

Fixes #3186

include netinet/in.h in src/nix/main.cc

The `post-build-hook` text currently appears in the index, but not on the actual title line of the section, this follows the pattern used in a previous section to get a reference into a title.

The intent of the code was that if the window size cannot be determined,
it would be treated as having the maximum possible size. Because of a
missing assignment, it was actually treated as having a width of 0.

The reason the width could not be determined was because it was obtained
from stdout, not stderr, even though the printing was done to stderr.

This commit addresses both issues.

Fix progress bar when nix-prefetch-url is piped.

Update nix eval --help msg to not include deprecated command

docs: correct default location of log directory

https://hydra.nixos.org/build/105428308

docs: xref doesn't render in title

docs: fix upper bound on number of consumed cores

Update man to show that nix-shell allows --arg

It's broken at the moment: https://hydra.nixos.org/build/105746055

Also it pulls in GHC which is a pretty big dependency.

This allows Nix builders to call Nix to build derivations, with some
limitations.

Example:

  let nixpkgs = fetchTarball channel:nixos-18.03; in

  with import <nixpkgs> {};

  runCommand "foo"
    {
      buildInputs = [ nix jq ];
      NIX_PATH = "nixpkgs=${nixpkgs}";
    }
    ''
      hello=$(nix-build -E '(import <nixpkgs> {}).hello.overrideDerivation (args: { name = "hello-3.5"; })')

      $hello/bin/hello

      mkdir -p $out/bin
      ln -s $hello/bin/hello $out/bin/hello

      nix path-info -r --json $hello | jq .
    ''

This derivation makes a recursive Nix call to build GNU Hello and
symlinks it from its $out, i.e.

  # ll ./result/bin/
  lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 63 Jan  1  1970 hello -> /nix/store/s0awxrs71gickhaqdwxl506hzccb30y5-hello-3.5/bin/hello

  # nix-store -qR ./result
  /nix/store/hwwqshlmazzjzj7yhrkyjydxamvvkfd3-glibc-2.26-131
  /nix/store/s0awxrs71gickhaqdwxl506hzccb30y5-hello-3.5
  /nix/store/sgmvvyw8vhfqdqb619bxkcpfn9lvd8ss-foo

This is implemented as follows:

* Before running the outer builder, Nix creates a Unix domain socket
  '.nix-socket' in the builder's temporary directory and sets
  $NIX_REMOTE to point to it. It starts a thread to process
  connections to this socket. (Thus you don't need to have nix-daemon
  running.)

* The daemon thread uses a wrapper store (RestrictedStore) to keep
  track of paths added through recursive Nix calls, to implement some
  restrictions (see below), and to do some censorship (e.g. for
  purity, queryPathInfo() won't return impure information such as
  signatures and timestamps).

* After the build finishes, the output paths are scanned for
  references to the paths added through recursive Nix calls (in
  addition to the inputs closure). Thus, in the example above, $out
  has a reference to $hello.

The main restriction on recursive Nix calls is that they cannot do
arbitrary substitutions. For example, doing

  nix-store -r /nix/store/kmwd1hq55akdb9sc7l3finr175dajlby-hello-2.10

is forbidden unless /nix/store/kmwd... is in the inputs closure or
previously built by a recursive Nix call. This is to prevent
irreproducible derivations that have hidden dependencies on
substituters or the current store contents. Building a derivation is
fine, however, and Nix will use substitutes if available. In other
words, the builder has to present proof that it knows how to build a
desired store path from scratch by constructing a derivation graph for
that path.

Probably we should also disallow instantiating/building fixed-output
derivations (specifically, those that access the network, but
currently we have no way to mark fixed-output derivations that don't
access the network). Otherwise sandboxed derivations can bypass
sandbox restrictions and access the network.

When sandboxing is enabled, we make paths appear in the sandbox of the
builder by entering the mount namespace of the builder and
bind-mounting each path. This is tricky because we do a pivot_root()
in the builder to change the root directory of its mount namespace,
and thus the host /nix/store is not visible in the mount namespace of
the builder. To get around this, just before doing pivot_root(), we
branch a second mount namespace that shares its /nix/store mountpoint
with the parent.

Recursive Nix currently doesn't work on macOS in sandboxed mode
(because we can't change the sandbox policy of a running build) and in
non-root mode (because setns() barfs).

Derivations that want to use recursion should now set

  requiredSystemFeatures = [ "recursive-nix" ];

to make the daemon socket appear.

Also, Nix should be configured with "experimental-features =
recursive-nix".