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Commits on Jul 31, 2020

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144 changes: 87 additions & 57 deletions doc/handheld-resistive-probe/handheld-resistive-probe-manual.tex
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -22,10 +22,7 @@
\begin{document}

\title{AKL-PT1 2 GHz Passive Probe Operator Manual}
\author{Antikernel Labs\\
%https://www.antikernel.net/ \\
%sales@antikernel.net
}
\author{Antikernel Labs}
\date{\today}

\maketitle
@@ -42,13 +39,13 @@

\section{Overview}

%\subsection{Manufacturer}
%Antikernel Labs \\
%(PO box here) \\
%https://www.antikernel.net/ \\
%sales@antikernel.net \\

%TODO: actually set up content on website and email server!
\subsection{Manufacturer}
Antikernel Labs \\
PO Box 4665 \\
10355 NE Valley Rd \\
Rollingbay, WA 98061-0665 \\
\url{https://www.antikernel.net/} \\
sales@antikernel.net \\

\subsection{Warranty}

@@ -75,12 +72,12 @@ \subsection{Open Hardware}
\item SolveSpace enclosure model
\end{itemize}

The current location of design files as of this writing is: \\ https://www.github.com/azonenberg/starshipraider/
The current location of design files as of this writing is: \url{https://www.github.com/azonenberg/starshipraider/}

\subsection{Sponsors}

Development and prototyping of this probe was made possibly by support from Symbiotic EDA
(https://www.symbioticeda.com/)
(\url{https://www.symbioticeda.com/})

\includegraphics[height=2cm]{symbiotic-logo.png}

@@ -92,22 +89,21 @@ \section{Safety Information}

\begin{itemize}
\item Only personnel familiar with the safe use and operation of electronic test equipment should use this probe.
\item Do not connect the ground terminal of this probe to any voltage other than earth ground. Ensure the ground terminal
makes contact with the device under test before the signal terminal.
\item Do not connect the ground terminal of this probe to any voltage other than earth ground.
\item Do not exceed operating limits in the specifications section of this document.
\item Do not over-tighten the SMA connector. Antikernel Labs recommends using a properly calibrated torque wrench to
torque the connection to 5 lbf-in.
\item The plastic enclosure of this probe is \emph{not} rated for insulation against hazardous voltages, and conductive
elements are exposed at the tip. Do not use this probe on any circuits which may contain voltages exceeding 30VDC /
30Vrms, or the touch-safe voltage limit in your organization's standard operating procedures if this is lower. Do not
operate in damp or wet conditions.
elements are exposed at the tip. Do not use this probe on any circuits which may contain voltages exceeding 30Vrms, or
the touch-safe voltage limit in your organization's standard operating procedures if this is lower. Do not operate in
damp or wet conditions.
\item Do not operate this probe in a flammable or explosive atmosphere.
\item The printed circuit board in this probe is plated with silver and is not intended for use in corrosive environments,
especially those containing significant levels of sulfur compounds. Operation of this probe in a corrosive environment
voids the warranty.
\item The SMA connector center terminal and tip/ground sockets contain beryllium copper (BeCu) contacts. While exposure to
beryllium is expected to be insignificant during ordinary use of this product, hazardous dust could be generated if the
contact material was ground or abraded.
contact material is ground or abraded.
\end{itemize}

CA PROP 65 WARNING: This product can expose you to beryllium, which is known to the State of California to cause cancer.
@@ -145,44 +141,45 @@ \section{Theory of Operation}
\section{Understanding Probe Effects}

Transmission line probes have significantly higher DC loading than conventional passive probes, and may interact badly
with pull-up or pull-down resistors. Consider AC coupling, using an industry standard SMA inner DC block between the
probe and coaxial cable, in these applications.
with pull-up or pull-down resistors. Consider AC coupling (using an industry standard SMA inner DC block between the
probe and coaxial cable) or use of a different probe for these applications.

Some power is reflected from the resistor and re-joins the original signal with a small phase shift due to the
electrical length of the probe needle. The total path length of the unterminated stub including the tip, socket, and
transmission line from the socket to the resistor is approximately 9 mm. This will produce a null in the system
frequency response at around 8 GHz. (This is an inherent limitation of all oscilloscope probes, but conventional
passive probes typically cannot reach high enough frequencies for stub length effects to become significant.)
frequency response at around 8 GHz, which is far enough outside the operating band of the probe that it should not
present a problem.

Long, thin ground connections (such as the Z-ground or flexible ground lead) have higher inductance than short, fat
ground connections. This inductance may be visible as ringing on fast rising edges. Always use the shortest, widest
ground possible in a given application for best frequency response.
ground connections. Always use the shortest, widest ground possible in a given application for best frequency response.
The tip-mounted ground socket gives significantly better performance than the top ground socket.

\section{Accessories}

\subsection{Tips / Grounds}

The AKL-PT1 probe will accept standard test equipment probe tips and ground accessories with 0.51 - 0.81 mm diameter
(0.020 - 0.032 inch). Use of accessories with larger or smaller diameters may damage the socket and void your warranty.
The AKL-PT1 probe sockets will accept standard test equipment probe tips and ground accessories with 0.51 - 0.81 mm
diameter (0.020 - 0.032 inch), as well as 22 AWG solid wire for solder-in applications.

Use of accessories with larger or smaller diameters may damage the socket and void your warranty.

The ground terminal is 8 mm above and 12 mm to the rear of the signal connection. The AKL-PT1 probe is designed to
accept ground blades, leafs, and similar accessories compatible with these dimensions.
The top ground terminal is 8 mm above and 12 mm to the rear of the signal connection, and the tip-mounted ground
terminal is 2.5mm below the signal connection.

Antikernel Labs recommends use of PMK Tetris \textregistered series replacement probe tips and ground accessories.
Antikernel Labs recommends use of PMK Tetris\textregistered series replacement probe tips and ground accessories.
These may be ordered through Antikernel Labs or any PMK distributor.

Standard PMK accessories supplied with the AKL-PT1 are:
\begin{itemize}
\item 890-800-000 solid tip (1 piece supplied standard, replacement is set of 5)
\item 890-400-800 Z-ground (1 piece supplied standard, replacement is set of 5)
\item 018-291-103 narrow ground blade
\item 890-800-000 solid tip (2 piece supplied standard, replacement P/N is set of 5)
\item 890-400-800 Z-ground (1 piece supplied standard, replacement P/N is set of 5)
\item 018-291-105 ground leaf
\item 890-400-808 7cm flexible ground lead
\end{itemize}

The AKL-PT1 has been tested for compatibility with the PMK 893-250-00T 2-footed probe positioner, however this is not
included in the standard accessory kit.
The PMK 893-250-00T 2-footed probe positioner is included with the pro edition probe.

Antikernel Labs believes the AKL-PT1 is compatible with PMK's full range of Tetris \textregistered tips and ground
Antikernel Labs believes the AKL-PT1 is compatible with PMK's full range of Tetris\textregistered tips and ground
accessories, however testing has not been conducted with all possible accessories and Antikernel Labs assumes no
liability for incompatibility with any accessories not listed in this document.

@@ -192,7 +189,7 @@ \subsection{Cables}
recommends use of Mini-Circuits FL086-24SM+ or similar low-loss, flexible cabling.

The probe-side connector is a brass SMA (Samtec SMA-J-P-H-ST-EM1). For best results, this connection should be torqued
to 5 in-lbf (0.565 Nm). Over-tightening may damage the connector.
to 5 in-lbf (0.57 Nm). Over-tightening may damage the connector.

\pagebreak
\section{Electrical Specifications}
@@ -220,9 +217,9 @@ \subsection{Absolute Maximum Ratings}
\thinhline
$T_{amax}$ & Maximum temperature & 95 & $ \degree C$ \\
\thinhline
$I_{max}$ & Maximum current through probe & 22 & $ mA \\
$I_{max}$ & Maximum current through probe & 22 & $ mA $ \\
\thinhline
$V_{max}$ & Maximum operating voltage (thermally limited) & 10 & $ Vrms \\
$V_{max}$ & Maximum operating voltage & 10 & $ Vrms $ \\
\thickhline
\end{tabularx}

@@ -255,55 +252,88 @@ \subsection{DC Characteristics}

\subsection{AC Characteristics}

Data in this section is subject to change based on characterization of the final PCB revision and assumes the DUT has
$50 \Omega$ impedance.
Data in this section is based on characterization in a $50 \Omega$ environment, using the highest performance (tip)
ground, with cable and fixture effects de-embedded, unless otherwise stated.

\begin{tabularx}{16cm}{lXrrrr}
\thickhline
\textbf{Parameter} & \textbf{Description} & \textbf{Min} & \textbf{Typ} & \textbf{Max} & \textbf{Units} \\
\thickhline
$Z_{in1}$ & Input impedance (1 GHz) & & 30 & & $\Omega$ \\
$Z_{in1}$ & Input impedance (1 GHz) & & 35 & & $\Omega$ \\
\thinhline
$Z_{in2}$ & Input impedance (2 GHz) & & 80 & & $\Omega$ \\
\thinhline
$Z_{in2}$ & Input impedance (2 GHz) & & 75 & & $\Omega$ \\
$C_{in}$ & Equivalent shunt capacitance to ground & & 1.4 & & pF \\
\thinhline
$C_{in}$ & Equivalent input capacitance to ground & & TBD & & pF \\
$G$ & AC gain from DC - 2 GHz & -23 & -20.5 & -20 & dB \\
\thinhline
$G$ & AC gain from DC - 2 GHz & -21.5 & -20.5 & 19.5 & dB \\
$BW_{0.5}$ & $\pm 0.5$ dB bandwidth using tip ground & & 0.91 & & GHz \\
\thinhline
$BW_{0.5}$ & Bandwidth (-20.50 $\pm 0.5$ dB) & & 0.91 & & GHz \\
$BW_{3}$ & -3 dB bandwidth using tip ground & 2 & 2.27 & & GHz \\
\thinhline
$BW_{1}$ & Bandwidth (-20.50 $\pm 1$ dB) & & 1.98 & & GHz \\
$BW_{flex}$ & -3 dB bandwidth using flex ground & & 0.56 & & GHz \\
\thinhline
$BW_{3}$ & Bandwidth (-23.5 dB) & 2 & 2.19 & & GHz \\
$BW_{leaf}$ & -3 dB bandwidth using leaf ground & & 1.46 & & GHz \\
\thinhline
$Rise_{90}$ & Rise time (10-90 \%) & & 161 & 175 & ps \\
$BW_{z}$ & -3 dB bandwidth using Z-ground & & 0.80 & & GHz \\
\thinhline
$Rise_{80}$ & Rise time (20-80 \%) & & 107 & 115 & ps \\
$Rise_{90}$ & Rise time (10-90 \%) & & 178 & & ps \\
\thinhline
$Rise_{80}$ & Rise time (20-80 \%) & & 122 & & ps \\
\thickhline
\end{tabularx}

\pagebreak
\subsection{Performance Graphs}
\section{Performance Graphs}

\subsection{Insertion Loss}

Measured across a $50 \Omega$ line.

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=15cm]{typical-s21.png}
\caption{Typical $S_{21}$ (probing across terminated $50 \Omega$ line) }
\label{typical-s21}
\includegraphics[width=14cm]{typical-s21.png}
\caption{Typical $S_{21}$ using tip ground (red), leaf ground (blue), Z-ground (pink), flex ground (cyan)}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Group Delay}

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=15cm]{typical-groupdelay.png}
\includegraphics[width=14cm]{typical-groupdelay.png}
\caption{Typical Group Delay Flatness}
\label{typical-groupdelay}
\end{figure}
\FloatBarrier

\begin{figure}[h]
\subsection{Input Impedance}

\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=15cm]{typical-zin.png}
\includegraphics[width=14cm]{typical-zin.png}
\caption{Typical $Z_{in}$}
\label{typical-zin}
\end{figure}

\FloatBarrier

\pagebreak
\section{Performance Data}

If you requested full characterization at the time of your order, test measurements are available at
\url{https://www.github.com/azonenberg/starshipraider-caldata/tree/master/handheld-resistive-probe/} under the
directory for your probe's serial number.

The following S-parameter data files are provided:
\begin{itemize}
\item cable.s2p - the provided cable
\item flexground.s2p - probe across a $50 \Omega$ load using the flex ground
\item leafground.s2p - probe across a $50 \Omega$ load using the leaf ground
\item tipground.s2p - probe across a $50 \Omega$ load using the tip ground
\item zground.s2p - probe across a $50 \Omega$ load using the Z-ground
\item zin.s2p - probe across an unterminated line for input loading measurements
\end{itemize}

For all measurements, port 1 is connected to the DUT side of the probe and port 2 is connected to the instrument side.

\end{document}
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